Distribution of Microsporidia spp. in tick species in cattle in parts of Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria
Prevalence of microsporidiosis in traded cattle in Ogun State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Cattle, distribution, Microsporidia spp., Nigeria, Ogun State, ticks
Abstract
Frequent contacts between tick-infested cattle and living hosts (ticks), enables the role cattle plays in the transmission of Microsporidia spp. among the animals. This cross-sectional study evaluated the presence of Microsporidia spp. in tick species on traded cattle in six cattle farms in some parts of Ogun State, South-western part of Nigeria. A total of five hundred and thirty-five (535) ticks were hand-picked from various parts of the body on cattle from the study area. The hand-picked ticks were identified and screened for the presence of Microsporidia spores. Chi-square and logistic regression model were analysed using R software with p < 0.05 being set as significance. Results showed that out of the 535 ticks sampled, an overall 280 (52.3%) were detected to be infected with Microsporidia spp. Among the tick species, Amblyomma variegatum 103 (55.1%) and Dermacentor nitens 24(42.1%) had the highest and lowest prevalence rates for microsporidiosis respectively. Majority of the infections (69.2%) were found in cattle in Abeokuta-North Local Government Area with p < 0.05 across the cattle farms in the study area. Lastly, Microsporidia spp. was twice as likely to infect ticks on cattle in Ikenne and Ijebu-North Local Government Areas (p<0.05). In conclusion, the study revealed that tick species found on cattle in Ogun State are home to Microsporidia spp. and it is recommended that sensitization programs on ticks menace to cattle traders be embarked on by stakeholders and veterinarians in Ogun State.References
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30. Moustapha LM, Sadou IM, Arzika II, Maman LI, Gomgnimbou MK, Konkobo M, Diabate A, et al. First identification of Microsporidia MB in Anopheles coluzzii from Zinder City, Niger. Parasites & Vectors. 2024; 17:39. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06059-7.
2. Biu AA, Abdulkadir MA, Isadu TH. Effects of temperature and relative humidity on the egg laying pattern of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Koch, 1844) infesting sheep in semi-arid region of Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences. 2012; 10(2): 18-20. DOI: 10.4314/sokjvs.v10i2.4.
3. Lysyk TJ. Movement of male Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) among cattle. Journal of Medical Entomology. 2013; 50: 977-985. DOI: 10.1603/me13012.
4. Reye LA, Arinola OG, Hübschen JM, Muller CP. Pathogen prevalence in ticks collected from the vegetation and livestock in Nigeria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2012; 78(8): 2562-2568. DOI: 10.1128/aem.06686-11.
5. Eskezia B, Desta A. A review on the on the impact of tick livestock health and productivity. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. 2016; 6(2): 1-7
6. Akande FO, Garba AO, Adenubi OT. In vitro analysis of the Efficacy of selected commercial Acaricides on the Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae). Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 51(2): 153-161. DOI: 10.21608/ejvs.2020.21560.1144.
7. Mamman AH, Lorusso V, Adam BM, Dogo GA, Brown KJ, Birtles RJ. First report of Theilera annulata in Nigeria; findings from cattle ticks in Zamfara and Sokoto States. Parasites & Vectors 2021; 14: 242. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04731-4.
8. Kyari S, Ogwiji M, Igah OE. Current distribution and disease association of Ixodidae (hard ticks) in Nigeria. Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology 2022; 83:42. DOI: 10.1186/s41936-022-00304-8.
9. Han B, Pan G, Weiss LM. Microsporidiosis in humans. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2021; 34: e00010-20. DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00010-20.
10. Ruan Y, Xu X, He Q, Li L, Guo J, Bao J, Pan G, et al. The largest meta‑analysis on the global prevalence of microsporidia in mammals, avian and water provides insights into the epidemic features of these ubiquitous pathogens Parasites & Vectors. 2021; 14:186. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04700-x.
11. Seatamanoch N, Kongdachalert S, Sunantaraporn S, Siriyasatien P, Brownell N. Microsporidia, a Highly Adaptive Organism and Its Host Expansion to Humans. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 2022; 12: 924007. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.924007.
12. Fayer R, Santin-Duran M. 2014. Epidemiology of microsporidia in human infections. In: Weiss LM, Becnel JJ, editors. Microsporidia: pathogens of opportunity. New York: Academic; 135–164.
13. Ajagbe DO, Omitola OO, Akande FA, Aladeshida AA, Ekpo UF. Occurrence and geographical distribution of microsporidia in tick species. Poster 5 presented at British Society for Parasitology. 2022.
14. Ojuromi OT, Izquierdo F, Soledad F, del Aguila C. Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in livestock from selected farms in Lagos, Nigeria. Annals of Science and Technology – A. 2023; 8 (1): 16-20.
15. Walker AR, Bouattour A, Camicas JL, Estradapena A, Horak IG, Latif AA, Pegram, RG, et al. 2007. Ticks of domestic animals in Africa: a guide to identification of species. University of Edinburgh, The UK. 149-169.
16. Garcia LS. Laboratory identification of the microsporidia. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2002; 40: 1892-1901. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.6.1892-1901.2002.
17. de la Fuente J, Estrada-Peña A, Rafael M, Almazán C, Bermúdez S, Abdelbaset AE, Kasaija PD et al. Perception of ticks and tick-borne diseases worldwide. Pathogens. 2023; 12: 1258. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101258.
18. Sam-Wobo SO, Uyigue J, Surakat OA, Adekunle ON, Mogaji HO. Babesiosis in a cattle slaughtering abattoir in Abeokuta, Nigeria. International Journal of Tropical Disease and Health. 2016; 18(2): 1 – 5. DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2016/27280.
19. Mamoudou A, Nguetoum NC, Sevidzem SL, Manchang TK, Ebene NJ, Zoli PA. Bovine and anasplasmosis in some cattle farms in the Vina Division, Adamaoua Plateau. International Journal of Livestock Research 2017; 7(6): 69-80. DOI: 10.5455/ijlr.20170423025510.
20. Daodu OB, Eisenbarth A, Schulz A, Hartlaub J, Olopade JO, Oluwayelu DO, Groschup MH. Molecular detection of Dugbe orthonairovirus in cattle and their infesting ticks (Amblyomma and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)) in Nigeria. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2021; 15(11): e0009905. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009905.
21. Opara MN, Ezeh NO. Ixodid Ticks of Cattle in Borno and Yobe States of Northeastern Nigeria: breed and coat colour preference. Animal Research International. 2011; 8(1): 1359-1365.
22. Okwuonu ES, Andong FA, Ugwuanyi IK. Association of ticks with seasons, age, and cattle color of North-Western region of Nigeria. Scientific African 2021; 12: e00832. DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00832.
23. Dabasa G, Zewdei W, Shanko T, Jilo K, Gurmesa G, Lolo G. Composition, prevalence and abundance of Ixodid cattle ticks at Ethio-Kenyan Border, Dillo district of Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health 2017; 9(8): 204-212. DOI: 10.5897/jvmah2017.0589.
24. Ali A, Obaid MK, Almutairi MM, Alouffi A, Numan M, Shafi U, Gauhar R, et al. Molecular detection of Coxiella spp. in ticks (Ixodidae and Argasidae) infesting domestic and wild animals: with notes on the epidemiology of tick-borne Coxiella burnetii in Asia. Frontiers in Microbiology 2023; 14. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1229950.
25. Al-Herrawy AZ, Gad MA. Microsporidial spores in fecal samples of some domesticated animals living in Giza, Egypt. Iranian Journal of Parasitology. 2016; 11(2): 195-203.
26. Udonsom R, Prasertbun R, Mahittikorn A, Chiabchalard R, Sutthikornchai C, Palasuwan A, Popruk S. Identification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in goats and cattle in Thailand. BMC Veterinary Research. 2019; 15(1): 308. DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2054-y.
27. Zhang Y, Koehler AV, Wang T, Haydon SR, Gasser RB. Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in cattle on farms located within a water catchment area. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 2019; 66(4): 553-559. DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12696.
28. Akorli J, Akorli EA, Tetteh SNA, Amlalo GK, Opoku M, Pwalia R, Adimazoya M, et al. Microsporidia MB is found predominantly associated with Anopheles gambiae s.s and Anopheles coluzzii in Ghana. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11: 18658. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98268-2
29. Herren JK, Mbaisi L, Mararo E, Makhulu EE, Mobegi VA, Butungi H, Maancini MV, et al. A microsporidian impairs Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes. Nature Communications. 2020; 11:2187. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16121-y.
30. Moustapha LM, Sadou IM, Arzika II, Maman LI, Gomgnimbou MK, Konkobo M, Diabate A, et al. First identification of Microsporidia MB in Anopheles coluzzii from Zinder City, Niger. Parasites & Vectors. 2024; 17:39. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06059-7.
Published
2025-02-18
How to Cite
1.
Adekunle O, Fadiji O, Ogunade A, Mogaji H, Agbolade O. Distribution of Microsporidia spp. in tick species in cattle in parts of Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences [Internet]. 18Feb.2025 [cited 10May2025];8(2). Available from: https://nscme.unza.zm/index.php/JABS/article/view/1306
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